You may have noticed more commercials about Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) on TV or streaming platforms and wondered what it is, or perhaps you’ve been recently diagnosed and are seeking more information. TED, often linked to Graves’ Disease, is an autoimmune condition that affects the tissues and muscles around the eyes. Our expert ophthalmologists are here to guide you through your journey and create a treatment plan tailored to your lifestyle.
What is Graves’ Disease?
Graves’ Disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the thyroid gland. It causes the gland to produce excessive thyroid hormones, leading to a condition known as Hyperthyroidism—a condition characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones. This is because thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating essential bodily functions like metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature, helping to maintain overall health. However, when these hormones are produced in excess, they can disrupt this balance and lead to a range of symptoms. Rapid heartbeat, anxiety, irritability, difficulty sleeping, weight loss, and increased appetite are just a few examples. For a complete list of symptoms, check out this resource from the Mayo Clinic.
How is Graves’ Disease Linked to TED?
In some individuals with Graves’ Disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the tissues and muscles around the eyes, leading to inflammation, swelling, and a range of eye problems. This stage of Graves’ Disease is more commonly known as Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). It’s important to note that individuals can still develop TED without having developed Graves’ Disease; other afflictions, such as Hashimoto’s Disease, can lead to TED.
Symptoms of TED
Symptoms of TED can vary in severity and may include:
- Bulging Eyes (Proptosis): The eyes may protrude from their sockets.
- Eyelid Retraction: The upper eyelids may pull back, exposing more of the white part of the eye.
- Double Vision: Inflammation of the eye muscles can cause difficulty focusing on objects.
- Dry Eyes: Reduced tear production can lead to discomfort and irritation.
- Red, Swollen Eyes: Inflammation can cause redness and swelling of the eye tissues.
- Sensitivity to Light: Increased sensitivity to light may occur.
- Eye Pain: Pain may be experienced, especially with eye movement.
Who is Susceptible to Thyroid Eye Disease?
While anyone can develop Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), certain factors increase susceptibility:
- Graves’ Disease: The majority of TED cases occur in individuals with Graves’ Disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland.
- Family History: A family history of autoimmune disorders, including thyroid diseases, increases the risk.
- Gender: Women are more likely to develop TED than men.
- Age: The peak age for TED onset is between 40 and 60 years old.
- Smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor, as it can worsen the severity of TED.
- Radioactive Iodine Treatment: This treatment for hyperthyroidism can sometimes exacerbate TED symptoms.
Treatment and Management of TED
Treatment for TED depends on the severity of symptoms and may involve:
- Medications: These may include corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and immunosuppressants to help regulate the immune system.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the eyelid position or to relieve pressure on the optic nerve.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Protecting the eyes from dryness, wind, and sunlight can help manage symptoms.
Conclusion
While TED can be distressing, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life. If you experience any of the symptoms of TED, it’s essential to consult with an ophthalmologist or endocrinologist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Our expert staff at Medical Eye Center is well-trained and has a wealth of experience with TED and many other conditions concerning the eye. Our technicians and providers are always eager to make you feel comfortable and at ease every step of the way.
English